Ciencia y Deporte, is a publication of the Faculty of Physical Culture of the University of Camagüey "Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz", Cuba; it is an online journal with ISSN 2223-1773. This open-access digital journal adheres to a rigorous peer-review process. Its essential mission is to foster, disseminate, and advance scientific knowledge in the areas of Physical Culture and Sport. The journal is published quarterly, adopting a continuous publication flow by issue. The publication language of this journal is Spanish, and as of 2022, all articles are published in both Spanish and English. Metadata includes Portuguese. The new model reflects the efforts to internationalize and disseminate its contents.
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Potential benefits of therapeutic exercise in the recovery from chikungunya symptoms
The musculoskeletal sequelae of the chikungunya virus can have a significant impact on healthcare systems for months or even years after the acute phase. Therefore, this opinion piece has discussed the potential of therapeutic physical exercise as a complement to the rehabilitation of affected patients. Appropriate exercise (acute, subacute, and chronic phases) is suggested to improve joint mobility, relieve persistent pain, strengthen weakened muscles, and prevent the progression of disabling symptoms. It is argued that the incorporation of exercise and interdisciplinary cooperation supports a faster, safer, and more sustainable recovery that improves the quality of life of the individual patient. Finally, the article highlights the relevance of clinical research for individual rehabilitation protocols and its relationship with functional evolution in patients with post-chikungunya sequelae.
Copyright (c) 2026 Darvin Manuel Ramírez Guerra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Structure for planning sports training by directions in school handball goalkeepers
Introduction: This article was written in response to identified theoretical, methodological, and practical shortcomings in the planning, execution, and monitoring of training for female goalkeepers in the 13–15-year-old school age group. Objective: To design a structure for training planning by direction, based on a theoretical framework that situates the content within the Accumulation-Transformation-Realization (ATR) model, thereby contributing to improved athletic performance in goalkeepers. Materials and methods: At the theoretical level, the structural-functional systemic, analytical-synthetic, and hypothetical-deductive methods were used; at the empirical level, observation, document analysis, surveys, expert judgment (Delphi method), and experimental methods through case studies were employed. Descriptive statistics included percentage analysis, mean, and standard deviation. Inferential statistics were used to compare the results obtained in the pedagogical tests where quantitative variables were observed, using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Student's t-test, with SPSS version 25. Results: The development of variables related to the conditioning and determining factors in the preparation and performance of handball goalkeepers was studied following the implementation of a planning structure, after its theoretical validation by a group of experts. Conclusions: The structure fostered a marked development of the preparation factors, measured and evaluated across 17 performance variables, through case studies of the four athletes in the study population.
Copyright (c) 2025 José Enrique Fernández Moreno, Lexy Figueredo Fruto, Francisco Nuñez Aliaga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Sports management strategy to facilitate the preparation of combat sports athletes
Introduction: Sport is currently considered an unprecedented social phenomenon, and therefore all those involved in its development are constantly seeking ways to improve its management. In this regard, preliminary studies confirmed the existence of shortcomings in sports management that affected the preparation of combat sports athletes at the EIDE (School for Sports Initiation) in Camagüey. Objective: To design a sports management strategy that facilitates preparation. The research is carried out using the participatory action research model. Materials and methods: The theoretical methods used were analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive; the empirical methods included document analysis, observation, and interviews, which were triangulated for the analysis of the results. The sample consisted of managers, coaches, and athletes from combat sports. Results: A sports management strategy was developed that promotes training based on the interdependence and synergy established between organizational and operational indicators. This led to improvements in the management process and in the qualitative and quantitative results of the sports under study. Conclusions: The strategy is suitable for promoting the sports training of combat athletes at the Camagüey Sports Initiation School (EIDE).
Copyright (c) 2025 luciano mesa sanchez, beymer aguilera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Artificial intelligence and applied statistics: a challenge for physical Education Teachers
Introduction: Modern society is characterized by the constant generation of large volumes of data resulting from measurements in different social processes. The integration of artificial intelligence, as a growing trend, aims to streamline the recording, processing, and analysis of this information, as well as the procedures for applying statistical techniques to the data. In Physical Culture and Sport, the implementation of different Artificial Intelligence tools enhances the reliability of the information and the resulting analysis for decision-making. Objective: For these reasons, the objective of this study was to explore the knowledge that professors at the "Manuel Fajardo" University of Physical Culture and Sport Sciences have regarding the usefulness of artificial intelligence tools for applying statistical techniques. Materials and methods: Accordingly, theoretical and empirical methods were applied, which revealed the lack of knowledge among professionals in this area regarding artificial intelligence tools that facilitate data analysis. The statistical-mathematical method was used. Results: Frequency and contingency tables were used to present the results of the empirical investigations. Conclusions: The identification of several tools that facilitate working with and analyzing data puts into perspective the future possibilities for these professionals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Taimi Castañeda Rodríguez, Olga Margarita Moirón Vallar, Lazaro Antonio Bueno Perez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of the Ippon Seoinage Technique in the National Prejuvenile Games
This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Ippon Seoinage technique in judokas participating in the National Prejuvenile Games. Frequency of application, success rate (Ippon and derived scores), technical efficiency, and relationships with biomechanical, tactical, and contextual variables were analyzed. The sample included 10 judokas in a pretest-posttest design. Data were processed using SPSS v25 with descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results showed significant improvements in usage frequency (pretest: 1.4; posttest: 2.9; p < 0.01), success rate (pretest: 20.5%; posttest: 48%; p < 0.01), and technical efficiency (pretest: 5.1; posttest: 7.8; p < 0.01). Increases in angular velocity and decreases in execution time indicated enhanced biomechanical effectiveness. Qualitative analysis also revealed improved tactical perception in the posttest. Findings suggest that specific training enhances execution and effectiveness of Ippon Seoinage in youth categories, providing valuable evidence to optimize judo athlete development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Manuel Gutierrez Cruz, Édison Israel Navarrete https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Planning sports training in the initiation stage of sports gymnastics
Introduction: The training plan for young athletes begins with an introduction to sports such as artistic gymnastics. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a structured program for performing a forward roll and certain flexibility components in gymnasts aged 8 to 10 years. Objective: To evaluate forward roll performance and trunk flexibility in gymnasts aged 8 to 10 years in relation to a training program initiated at the beginning of the competitive stage. Methodology: The study sample included 15 female gymnasts aged 8 to 10 years affiliated with FEDEGUAYAS, constituting a convenience sample. The study employed a pre-experimental design. Data were collected using flexed arm suspension and seated reach tests, along with a pre-test/post-test design. Results: The average score for forward roll performance improved from 8.13 to 9.13, and flexibility increased from 25.27 cm to 28.13 cm. The standard deviation decreased in both cases, indicating greater homogeneity in the results. Conclusions: The program was effective in improving fundamental gymnastics skills, validating the importance of planning adapted to this formative stage.
Sports gymnastics, children's training, front-facing role, flexibility, sports initiation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andrea Elizabeth Rivas Brand, Manuel Gutierrez Cruz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Teaching tasks of Chemical Kinetics for the initial training of Physical Education teachers
Introduction: Various studies demonstrate the importance of teaching tasks adapted to specific contexts. These tasks strengthen motivation and learning across different subjects. However, no research has been identified on their application in Chemical Kinetics specifically targeted at the initial training of Physical Education teachers. Objective: To develop and implement a system of Chemical Kinetics teaching tasks to improve learning in this unit among fourth-year students at the School of Physical Education Teachers. Materials and methods: We worked with 40 students from the 2018–2019 academic year. An initial and final assessment was conducted using a pedagogical test, a survey, and a self-assessment guide, in three dimensions: content mastery, reflection on learning, and motivation. Percentage analysis and classification into five learning levels were used. The system included 22 tasks, organized into four groups, with stages of motivation, execution, and evaluation. Results: The initial assessment showed 62% of students at a very low level. After implementation, the very high level increased from 10% to 40%, and the very low level decreased to 25%. Participation, motivation, and a connection between Chemistry and sports increased, and Chemical Kinetics was no longer the most difficult subject in midterm and final assessments. Conclusions: The implementation of the system of teaching tasks related to everyday life and professional situations led to an increase in Chemistry learning. This was evidenced by comparing the results of the initial pedagogical test with the final test, and allowed us to verify the feasibility and relevance of this task system.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nisdalys Figueredo Trimiño https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Technical analysis and effectiveness of mid-range and hree-point shooting in student basketball
Introduction: This study analyzed the technique and effectiveness of mid- and long-range shooting in student basketball players at the Guayas Student Games. Qualitative and quantitative observation instruments were applied, as well as a technical test based on the FIBA ​​protocol. Objective: To analyze the execution technique and effectiveness of mid- and long-range shooting in school players, based on the application of a progressive system of technical exercises. Materials and methods: The study was framed within a mixed-methods (quantitative and qualitative) investigation, of a descriptive-explanatory nature, with a pre-experimental and cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 15 male athletes. Results: The pre-test revealed significant deficiencies in technical aspects such as balance, flexion, coordination, and follow-through, reflected in low percentages of effectiveness (mid-range: 10–50%; three-point: 0–30%). Conclusions: A progressive exercise system was implemented in four phases, resulting in technical and statistical improvements in the post-test, and demonstrating the influence of this intervention on the participants' athletic performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos Manuel Carcelén Villegas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Influencia del modelo ATR acumulación–transformación–realización en el rendimiento del equipo femenino de baloncesto
Introduction: This study evaluated the application of the ATR (accumulation-transformation-realization) model in the season planning of the women's basketball team at the State University of Milagro (UNEMI) and its impact on physical, technical, and collective performance. Objective: To determine the impact of the ATR model on the physical and technical performance of the UNEMI women's basketball team. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental research design with a mixed-methods approach was used. Twelve athletes participated in physical (vertical jump, sprint, aerobic endurance) and technical (free throw, dribbling, passing) tests before and after an eight-week intervention. Descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-tests, and Cohen's coefficient of variation were used. Results: Significant improvements were shown in all areas (p<0.01, large effect sizes: d>0.80). Conclusions: The application of the ATR model promotes the comprehensive development of athletic performance in team sports. This approach offers a solid methodological model for university sports planning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Joe Daniel Quiñonez Villegas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Offensive tactical actions in 13-14 age group football at the Torremar Bilingual Educational Unit
Introduction: This paper explores the literature on tactical management of football preparation and the implementation of actions based on established tactical principles. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of offensive tactical actions on the performance of 13–14-year-old soccer players (n=15) at the Torremar Bilingual Educational Unit in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Materials and methods: The FUT-SAT test (P+3X3+P) and the official match observation protocol were used during the 2023 and 2024 seasons. Results: A set of tactical actions for penetration, mobility, coverage, space assessment, and offensive unit are offered during the general, special, and competitive stages of the 2024 season. Conclusions: The effectiveness was corroborated through the McNemar statistical test, which with significance values ​​of p value ˂ 0.05 demonstrated significant differences in the tactical principles assessed before and after the proposal was applied in the studied players. The Student t-test was used to compare the percentage of balls that went into offensive sequences and the number of balls shot on goal before and after the proposed actions were applied. These results showed p value ˂ 0.05, demonstrating its effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juan Freire Freire, Manuel Gutiérrez Cruz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The isometric exercise elbow plank and body composition in adolescent handball players
Introduction: To analyze the relationship between body composition (BMI, body fat percentage, and fat-free mass) and performance in the isometric elbow plank test in adolescents. Objective: To analyze the relationship between body composition (BMI, body fat percentage, and fat-free mass) and performance in the isometric elbow plank test in adolescents. Materials and methods: Thirty handball players aged 13–14 years participated. Body composition, body mass index, body fat percentage, and fat-free mass were measured, along with the elbow plank resistance time. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using R software (v4.4.1). Results: In boys, a significant inverse relationship was found between elbow plank time and two adiposity indicators: BMI (r² = 29.3%) and body fat percentage (r² = 27.9%). Higher fat levels were associated with lower endurance. Fat-free mass showed no significant correlation. In girls, no significant correlations were found, although a slight trend was observed: higher fat linked to lower time, and more muscle to greater endurance. However, confidence intervals crossed zero, so the results are not statistically conclusive. Conclusions: Excess body fat negatively affects core stability in boys. In girls, the relationship was unclear. These findings highlight the importance of promoting healthy body composition to optimize functional performance, prevent injuries, and tailor training to pubertal development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diomedes Augusto Garcia Hilares https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Inclusive games in the development of gross motor skills in children with autism spectrum disorder
Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a special educational need characterized by limited movement of the lower and upper body. It also involves certain repetitive actions that affect motor skills. Objective: To determine whether the implementation of inclusive game design improves gross motor skills in ninth-grade children diagnosed with ASD. Materials and methods: For the purposes of this study, theoretical methods such as analytical-synthetic and bibliographical methods were used to support the theory. The empirical methods used were observation and measurement through the application of the KTK test. Results: The significance of data normality was 0.00, i.e., >0.05. After analysis of the Student's t-test for related samples, the significance was 0.00, which is <0.05, demonstrating the effectiveness of the application of inclusive games in the development of gross motor skills. Similarly, the analysis of the general motor coefficient showed that children with ASD were on a weak scale in the pre-test and increased to normal in the post-test. Conclusions: It is concluded that the appropriate application of inclusive game design, respecting the characteristics of this group of children with adaptations and without using excessive colors and noise, in order not to distract the students' attention, significantly improves the elements of gross motor skills.
Copyright (c) 2025 David Abraham Velastegui Zurita, Cristian Ramiro Chillogallo Pineda, Giceya De La Caridad Maqueira Caraballo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The body composition of the elite Cuban female Baseball Players
Introduction: Body composition is defined as the combination of the chemical and/or structural components that comprise the entire organism; chemically they can be discriminated in terms of water, lipids, proteins and minerals; structurally in terms of tissue, masses, organs or organic subsystems. Aim: to establish reference values ​​for the body composition of the average elite Cuban baseball player and by playing positions. Materials and methods: The 21 baseball players were evaluated through the Fractionation method. All were members of the national teams that participated in the first Caribbean Cup, 2022. The baseball players had average chronological and sporting ages of 26.8 and 12.4 years respectively. Results: The baseball players were divided into four groups: pitchers, outfielders, infielders and first base + catchers. Among the main results, it can be seen that the baseball players present average body mass values: 64.3 kg; height: 163.9 cm; ∑6P= 97.5mm; body fat: 20.0%; adipose mass=20.6kg; muscle mass=27.7kg and muscle-bone ratio=5.13; Conclusions: The average baseball player has around 80% active body mass, high adiposity and high values ​​in the muscle-bone ratio.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yannara Quintero Batista, Bergelino Zaldivar Pérez, Lianet Lurdes Setién Boronat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Methodology for Studying Opponents in Karate Kumite
Introduction: The study of opponents in Karate kumite is a key function within sports intelligence, enabling the anticipation and counteraction of opponents' strategies. In Cuba, limitations have been identified in the systematization and application of this process, affecting the technical-tactical performance of first-category karatekas. Aim: Develop a methodology supported by an system of the study of counters in Karate kumite. Materials and methods: A mixed quasi-experimental design was employed, developed in three phases: diagnosis, implementation, and evaluation. Six first-category Karate coaches participated. Interviews, surveys, structured observation, and a pretest-posttest pre-experiment were used. The analysis combined descriptive and inferential statistics with qualitative triangulation. Results: The methodology allowed the identification and overcoming of deficiencies in the knowledge and practice of studying opponents. The preparation of coaches and the technical-tactical performance of karatekas improved. The system of indicators integrated conceptual, procedural, attitudinal, and statistical dimensions, surpassing previous fragmented approaches. Challenges remain in empirical validation, technological integration, and sample representativeness. Conclusions: The validated methodology offers a replicable protocol for studying opponents in Karate kumite, with a positive impact on the training of coaches and athletes. It is recommended to expand validation to other contexts and strengthen technological integration to optimize sports intelligence in Cuban Karate.
Copyright (c) 2025 Edsnel Eugenio Daudinot Llibre, Eudis Milán Leyva, Fernando Puente Gamboa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Intervention strategy with a gender approach for the inclusion of socially disadvantaged students
Introduction: The research is based on a diagnosis, which confirmed the persistence of theoretical limitations for the inclusion of socially disadvantaged students in the practice of water sports, as well as a lack of gender-sensitive pathways and procedures, which denotes inadequate performance by socially disadvantaged students in practice and their exclusion in vulnerable communities. Objective: To develop a gender-sensitive intervention strategy for the inclusion of socially disadvantaged students in the practice of water sports. Materials and methods: The theoretical methods of scientific research employed were analytical-synthetic and systemic structural-functional methods. The empirical methods employed were documentary analysis and expert judgment. The mathematical-statistical methods employed were descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: the new relationships that are revealed in the systemic interrelation between the components and categories of the intervention strategy, based on their definitions, the inclusive corrective method and didactic procedures, which gives the theory its essence, as well as the preventive procedure in the use of water sports as a means of inclusion, corroborating its feasibility based on the evaluative results issued by the selected experts. Conclusions: The intervention strategy fosters the establishment of structural and functional relationships that explain how to contribute to the inclusion of socially disadvantaged students in the practice of water sports in vulnerable communities with a gender perspective. In implementing the intervention strategy, its feasibility was confirmed based on the favorable opinions of the experts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rafael Charón La O, Yuri Torres Acosta, Eudis Millan Leyva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Offensive Tactical Preparation Methodology in Baseball 5
Introduction: this article was developed after identifying theoretical, methodological, and practical shortcomings in the offensive tactical preparation process in 5-a-side baseball. Aim: to develop a methodology that contributes to the improvement of offensive tactics in first-class 5-a-side baseball. Materials and methods: the theoretical methods used for scientific research were analytical-synthetic and systemic structural-functional. The empirical methods used were documentary analysis and expert judgment. The mathematical-statistical methods used were descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: several categories and definitions are incorporated into the study of the contextualized perspective of the tactical preparation process, with emphasis on the offense to be developed in game situations in Baseball 5 to contribute to its integrative approach tempered to the current demands of this sport, susceptible to being used in other sports disciplines, new ways and procedures are offered that promote the establishment of structural and functional relationships for the improvement of offensive tactics in first category Baseball 5 with an integrative approach, corroborating its feasibility from the evaluative results issued by the selected experts. Conclusions: the methodology, designed with a comprehensive approach, facilitates the establishment of structural and functional relationships for improving offensive tactics in first-class 5-a-side baseball. Its application in social practice is instrumental in achieving the proposed objectives. With the application of the methodology, its feasibility was confirmed based on the favorable opinions of experts.
Copyright (c) 2025 liorvis savon matos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Odychess Approach: A Dialectical, Constructivist, and Adaptive Method for Teaching Chess with Generative Artificial Intelligences
Introduction: Chess teaching has evolved through different approaches; however, traditional methodologies, often based on memorization, contrast significantly with the new possibilities offered by generative artificial intelligence, a technology still little explored in this field. Objective: To empirically validate the effectiveness of the Odychess Approach in improving chess knowledge, strategic understanding, and metacognitive skills in students. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test/post-test design and a control group (N=60). The experimental intervention implemented the Odychess Approach, incorporating a Llama 3.3 language model that was specifically adapted using Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) techniques to act as a Socratic chess tutor. Quantitative assessment instruments were used to measure chess knowledge, strategic understanding, and metacognitive skills before and after the intervention. Results: The results of the quasi-experimental study showed significant improvements in the experimental group compared to the control group in the three variables analyzed: chess knowledge, strategic understanding, and metacognitive skills. The complementary qualitative analysis revealed greater analytical depth, more developed dialectical reasoning, and greater intrinsic motivation in the students who participated in the Odychess-based intervention. Conclusions: The Odychess Approach represents an effective pedagogical methodology for teaching chess, demonstrating the potential of the synergistic integration of constructivist and dialectical principles with generative artificial intelligence. The implications of this work are relevant for educators and institutions interested in adopting innovative pedagogical technologies and for researchers in the field of AI applied to education, highlighting the transferability of the language model adaptation methodology to other educational domains.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ernesto Giralt Hernandez, Lazaro Antonio Bueno Perez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Evaluation of laterality in athletes with hearing impairment in athletics in Santiago de Cuba
Introduction: the project Integral evaluation of sports preparation for athletes with disabilities in high performance has as one of its objectives the diagnosis and evaluation of laterality. However, during sports preparation, the usefulness of laterality in physical-technical-tactical preparation in sports for people with disabilities is not always taken advantage of. Objective: to evaluate laterality in athletes with hearing impairment in athletics in Santiago de Cuba. Materials and methods: the analytic-synthetic and inductive-deductive theoretical methods were applied. Regarding the empirical methods, the documentary analysis and the laterality test were used. Regarding statistics, the descriptive method was used. Results: the evaluation allowed to know the current state of the athletes, from the laterality test and to elaborate methodological actions. Conclusions: theoretical conceptions on laterality are specified, which constitute a determining factor for the optimization of sports training.
Copyright (c) 2025 Liudmila Hernández Soutelo, Alina Bestard Revilla , Patricia Martí Estévez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Balance exercises to develop speed in women's football
Introduction: The present study explores the influence of specific balance exercises on the development of speed in female soccer players. In soccer, these physical abilities are crucial for athletic performance, making this work aimed at optimizing their development through a systematic approach. A longitudinal experimental design was employed to evaluate the impact of a training program based on balance exercises designed to improve speed through postural control and dynamic stability. Objective: To determine the effects of balance exercises on the development of speed in female soccer players. Methods: The Illinois test and 50-meter sprint test were used to compare a numerical variable within the same group at two different moments, pre-test and post-test. Quantitative data were collected and analyzed using statistical methods such as the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and the Student's t-test. These evaluation tools allowed for precise results in real game situations. Results: The post-test data from the Illinois test, which evaluated 100% (15) of the athletes, showed that without equipment, 9 athletes (60%) received an "Excellent" rating, 4 athletes (26.7%) were categorized as "Good," and 2 athletes (13.3%) as "Average." With equipment, 13 athletes (86.7%) reached the "Excellent" category, 2 athletes (13.3%) the "Good" category, and 0 athletes (0%) the "Average" category. The post-test data from the 50m Speed test, which evaluated 100% (15) of the athletes, showed that without equipment, 12 athletes (80%) received an "Excellent" rating, 3 athletes (20%) were categorized as "Good," and 0 athletes (0%) as "Average." With equipment, 11 athletes (73.3%) reached the "Excellent" category, 3 athletes (20%) the "Good" category, and 1 athlete (6.67%) the "Average" category. In both cases, the "Excellent" category was dominant, although the distribution varied slightly between the evaluations with and without equipment. Conclusions: The results show a significant increase in speed after the intervention, confirming the effectiveness of the exercise program focused on balance. Keywords: Exercises, balance, speed, women's soccer.
Copyright (c) 2025 Francisco Alexander Ramirez Cabrera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effects on children and adolescents´s lifestyles after the COVID-19 lockdown: Systematic review
Introduction: The lockdown measures caused by COVID-19 produced significant changes in the lifestyle of children and adolescents. Objective: To understand the effects of the lockdown after the COVID-19 pandemic on the lifestyles of children and adolescents related to physical activity levels, physical fitness, eating habits, sleep patterns, and psychological factors. Materials and methods: A systematic review was carried out following the guidelines established by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The electronic databases Medline, SportDiscus, Web of Science, Dialnet, and Scopus were used. The search terms Physical Activity, COVID-19, Adolescents or Children, and Post-pandemic were used. A total of 17 studies published between 2020 and 2024 were selected. Results and conclusions: The analyzed studies indicated a negative effect a decrease in physical activity levels, a deterioration in some physical activity skills and a greater dependence on devices, among others effectsof the lockdown on health-related lifestyles even months after the lockdown in children and adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Beatriz Maroto-Sánchez, Eloy José Villaverde-Caramés, Alba Mayor-Villalaín https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Physical and recreational activities program for alcoholic adolescents in Physical Fducation class
Introduction: The physical and recreational activities program for the inclusion of alcoholic adolescents in physical education classes adopts a methodological approach that combines quantitative and qualitative approaches. Objective: To implement a physical and recreational activities program that will contribute to their inclusion in physical education classes and as a means to eliminate or reduce alcohol consumption. Materials and methods: Theoretical methods include analytical-synthetic, systemic-structural-functional, historical-logical, and inductive-deductive approaches. Empirical methods such as observation, interviews, surveys, and experiments facilitated the study of the background and theoretical criteria regarding current approaches to this problem among adolescents. Results: A needs assessment facilitated the scientific design of the program. Its structure was consolidated into stages and actions with control mechanisms, allowing for a logical and coherent organizational structure in the appropriate use of physical and recreational activities within the adolescent physical education class. Conclusions: Improved participation of adolescents with alcoholism in physical education classes was observed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Asdrubal Landrove Infante https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
University citizen training in the Physical Culture career
Introduction: Citizenship education is one of the challenges facing humanity, and especially in Cuba, it is one of society's priorities. It constitutes a requirement for the Third Improvement of the National Education System and for the draft law of the Cuban Sports System 2024. Objective: To characterize the current state of citizenship education among second-year Physical Education students from the Physical Education program at the University of Holguín. Materials and methods: Theoretical, empirical, and mathematical-statistical methods were used from a dialectical-materialist perspective. Results: The procedures and strategies that allowed for the scientific and methodological structure of citizenship education among second-year Physical Education students were identified. Conclusions: This research allowed for the development of actions aimed at contributing to citizenship education among second-year Physical Education students from the Physical Education program.
Copyright (c) 2025 César Julio Parra Prieguez, Guillermina Virginia Záldivar Cordón , Elsa Sibila Jiménez , Miguel Cruz Ramírez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Learning strategies to improve study habits in seventh-grade athletes
Introduction: Learning strategies are used to improve study habits through a set of techniques, methods, or approaches designed to optimize the way a person organizes, processes, and retains information. Therefore, in the case of student athletes, specific strategies are required that are tailored to their needs and capabilities. Objective: To select the most effective learning strategies to improve study habits in seventh-grade student athletes. Methods: Applied research, which studied 100 seventh-grade athletes classified into two independent samples, assessing various study patterns directly related to learning strategies to improve study habits. A survey and a questionnaire, which included 55 items, were used in relation to the dimensions and indicators taken into account throughout the process. Results: In both groups, the highest scores on the subject were at the "unsatisfactory" level (Pretest); 32% were recorded in the control group; and 40% in the experimental group. The second range is known as "minimally satisfactory" (Control: 28%; Experimental: 24%). The post-test results indicate that the experimental group improved significantly. Currently, 48% of the students who participated in the experiment fell within the "satisfactory" range; 40% fell within the "moderately satisfactory" range; and the remaining 12% fell within the "minimally satisfactory" range. Conclusions: The implemented strategy showed significant improvements, being effective in improving the study habits of athletes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Venus Alexandra Aparicio Bone https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The overcoming of the trainers of wrestling in the selection of talents
Introduction: The improvement of sport at a global level brings with it that the current training systems are becoming outdated with respect to the needs of society. Objective: A theoretical concept was designed for the professional development of school wrestling coaches, in the selection of sports talent with the use of dermatoglyphics, in the province of Camagüey. Materials and methods: theoretical level methods were used such as document analysis, analytical-synthetic, induction-deduction, empirical methods such as a survey of coaches, professional performance test and methodological triangulation. Result: the organization responded to the results of the diagnosis, confirming the need to include this knowledge in the contents of the career, which must be contextualized to the needs of professionals. With its application, it was possible to determine that coaches are in better conditions to develop the selection process of sports talent. Conclusion: It is proposed to work on the improvement actions at three levels: basic, specialization and systematization. The improvement allowed the group to guide its search for information and to help share experiences of sports talent. The author started by developing an interdisciplinary theoretical conception, concretized in the fundamental processes that are developed for its transformation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arnaldo Prieto Agüero, Rafael Tamarit Medrano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Playful and self-managed learning in the training of Physical Culture professionals
Introduction: Recreational activities and self-managed learning are essential in the education of university students in Physical Education. Several studies highlight their importance as teaching tools. Objective: To develop teaching strategies that promote knowledge through recreational activities and self-managed learning among first-year Physical Education students. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 18 students from the second-year Day Course during the 20232024 academic year. Five professors from the Department of Physical Education Theory and Practice were also used as a sample. The theoretical methods used were analysis and synthesis and systemic-structural approaches to structure the actions, and empirical methods included observation, surveys and interviews, and the criteria of specialists. Results: The results obtained are superior to those obtained previously, reflecting the transformations achieved in the students' ability to perform practical and theoretical tasks. They acquired improved performance through professional skills to complete teaching and research tasks. Conclusions: The evaluation of the teaching activities by the different specialists agrees that they are appropriate for the current university context, contribute to the self-preparation of university students with motivation for their profession, and allow for student transformation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alberto Barroso Arzuaga, Yuelmis González Arias https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The teaching and learning process of Statistics in the training of professionals in Physical Education
Introduction: The constant generation of data, the growing technological advance and the continuous evolution of social processes, give Statistics a significant place in the multiple areas of knowledge. In Physical Culture, it is weighted for its transversality and contribution in social and sports environments from the four profiles of professional graduates. Based on the diagnosis made at the University of Physical Culture and Sports Sciences "Manuel Fajardo" on the application of statistical techniques, limitations were detected in first-year students of the regular day course, and in teachers of the subject Computer Science and Data Analysis on the dimensions and indicators that characterize the variable under study. these have become a research problem. Objective: To develop a didactic strategy for the application of statistical techniques from the teaching-learning process of the subject Computer Science and Data Analysis in the training of professionals in Physical Culture. Materials and methods: A scientific procedure was used for the study that integrated methods from the theoretical, empirical and statistical-mathematical levels, supported by the dialectic-materialist. Results: The quasi-experiment supported the practical application of the proposal, preceded by a prognostic assessment of its validity, obtained from a group of experts through the ATJ matrices. Conclusions: The results of the implementation of the strategy corroborate the prognostic values and show significant changes between the experimental and control groups, which corresponds to the demands of Higher Education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Taimi Castañeda Rodríguez, Abelardo López Domínguez, Victoria del Carmen Collazo Frías https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Decentralization and sport development opportunities: a systematic review
Introduction: decentralization has emerged as a key strategy to drive global sports development, influencing public policies and generating opportunities in areas such as social inclusion, access to facilities and community strengthening. Objective: analyze research related to decentralization and its impacts on sports development. Materials and methods: the PRISMA method was used, 1,150 articles from databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Redalyc and ScienceDirect were reviewed. Inclusion criteria limited the selection to scientific and review articles published between 2019 and 2024, resulting in a detailed analysis of 17relevant studies. Results: The results revealed that decentralization has a positive impact on access to sports infrastructure, promoting a better distribution of resources and greater accessibility in rural areas and marginalized communities. However, significant limitations were also identified, such as a lack of political will and the absence of effective social development plans, which make compliance with these provisions difficult. Conclusions: decentralization encourages more inclusive and equitable sports development by facilitating participation at different levels. However, the need for effective coordination between the State and local governments is highlighted to guarantee adequate administration of the budget and achieve the stated objectives. This approach can be fundamental to overcome inequalities and strengthen the social impact of sport in various regions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gustavo Adolfo Moran Mendoza, Aurón Eduardo Mendoza Canales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Recreational sports strategy for the inclusion of students with Down síndrome
Introduction: People with Down syndrome face multiple barriers to participating in sports and recreational activities, affecting their physical, social and emotional development. These barriers include discriminatory attitudes, lack of adequate infrastructure and shortage of trained personnel. Down syndrome, caused by a triplication of chromosome 21, involves various physical alterations and a delay in mental development. Objective: The general objective was to determine sports and recreational activities that stimulate the development of motor, cognitive and social skills necessary for learning in children with Down syndrome. Materials and methods: A mixed approach was adopted, integrating different data collection and analysis techniques, where the research questions were addressed from multiple angles and a more holistic understanding of the topic under study was obtained Results: Recreational sports strategies seek to encourage active participation and promote the physical, emotional and social well-being of these students. Sports practice offers benefits such as improvements in cardiovascular health, motor coordination and social skills. For effective inclusion, it is necessary to design and implement strategies adapted to individual needs, promoting an inclusive environment. Conclusions: the implementation of sports strategies has shown significant improvements in the motor, cognitive and social skills of students with Down syndrome. Schools and Physical Education programs should consider the inclusion of adaptive strategies to encourage the participation and comprehensive development of all students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cesar Coello Rosero, Noel Batista Hernández https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Anthropometric index and its relationship with vertical jumps and muscle power in basketball players
Introduction: 3x3 basketball has grown in popularity in recent years, its game format is very intense and demands strength and muscular power. Vertical jumps are essential in various game actions such as blocking, shooting or recovering the ball. Objective: to analyze the anthropometric status and its relationship with body mass index, as well as vertical jump capacity and muscular power in 3x3 university basketball players from Central and South America. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted. 48 basketball players (26 men and 22 women) aged 18 to 24 from 8 countries were evaluated. A Tanita scale, SECA height gauge, and AXONJump contact platform were used. The jumps used were: Squat Jump, Countermovement Jump and Abalakov jump. Results: the average weight for men was 85.8/kg and for women 64/kg; the average height was 1.85/m for men and 1.66/m for women. BMI was 25.0 kg/m² and 23.0 kg/m² for men and women, respectively. Jump height and power Squat Jump: men 32.4/cm with 2530w and women 21.7/cm with 1340w, Countermovement Jump: men 33.5/cm with 2587w and women 23.9/cm with 1209w and Abalakov jump: men 40.9/cm with 2961w and women 26.1/cm with 1451w. Conclusions: male players present better results in both height and power. The body mass index allows us to understand that greater muscle mass and less fat mass favor muscle power. In addition, age influences the decrease in jump height and power.
Theoretical conception for teacher’s upgrading of classrooms and therapeutic areas of Physical Culture
Introduction: this article was prepared based on the insufficiencies that are evident in the improvement process of teachers of classrooms and therapeutic areas of physical culture of the Minas municipality, which limit their preparation to develop the diagnosis and specialized care that they require patients in their rehabilitation process. Aim: To design a theoretical conception of improvement for teachers of classrooms and therapeutic areas of physical culture in Minas municipality. Materials and methods: theoretical level methods such as Analytical-Synthetic, Inductive-Deductive and Systemic Structural-Functional, as well as Documentary Analysis, Observation of the empirical level and the application of surveys and interviews were used to develop the research to a population made up entirely of six teachers from classrooms and therapeutic areas of physical culture of the Minas municipality, as well as managers, methodologists, and main teachers of the Sports Combine. Results: a pertinent solution is offered for the improvement of physical culture teachers in classrooms and therapeutic areas, as a result of the dynamics between the theoretical and instrumental components of the proposed theoretical conception, which has a dynamic structure, open, flexible and contextualized, as well as emphasizing the theory-practice link, objectivity and rationality, orientation towards quality, professional ethics and training in values as guiding ideas of the pedagogical process. Conclusions: the theoretical conception for the improvement of teachers in classrooms and therapeutic areas of physical culture, presents a systemic and organized approach, is based on the guiding principles and ideas that constitute its epistemological foundations, facilitates the professional growth of teachers and incorporates the current forms and trends of therapeutic physical culture.
Copyright (c) 2025 Edioilis Díaz Matos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0