Ciencia y Deporte, is a publication of the Faculty of Physical Culture of the University of Camagüey "Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz", Cuba; it is an online journal with ISSN 2223-1773. This open-access digital journal adheres to a rigorous peer-review process. Its essential mission is to foster, disseminate, and advance scientific knowledge in the areas of Physical Culture and Sport. The journal is published quarterly, adopting a continuous publication flow by issue. The publication language of this journal is Spanish, and as of 2022, all articles are published in both Spanish and English. Metadata includes Portuguese. The new model reflects the efforts to internationalize and disseminate its contents.
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Profile evaluation feed and actividade level physical in senior with Cuito-Bié's arterial hypertension
Introduction: this is a descriptive study, in which were collected data on the alimentary habits and the practice of physical activities among senior, in order to comprehend better the terms that influence the hypertension control in this population. The research revealed that, although most of the senior receives regular accompaniment about alimentation, the orientation nutricional is supplied of sporadic way, what limits the adhesion for healthy alimentary habits sport. Aim: evaluate the profile feed and the level of physical activity of senior diagnosed with arterial, resident hypertension in the Home of Senior "ELAVOKO LY'OMWENHO", located in the Cuito-Bié Municipal district. Materials and methods: it employed a methodology of quantitative nature. The theoretical methods included the analytic-synthetic to revise the literature and to conceive the proposal that does from the information withdrawal analysis. Of the empiric methods used for international questionnaire of actividade physical (IPAQ), habit and frequency questionnaire feed and mensuration (esfigmomanometro). Results: the results allowed to understand the characteristics of sample and the variables that can influence the profile feed and the level of physical activity of the senior with diagnosis of arterial hypertension. Conclusions: the study points the strategies importance of continuous and personalized intervention, so much in the alimentation as in the exercises practice, to improve the hypertension administration and life quality of the senior.
Copyright (c) 2026 Israel Ningue Jacob, Liudmila Hernández Soutelo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Optimization of Explosive Power through Body Recomposition: Analysis of an 8-Week Macrocycle in Elite Volleyball
Introduction: Explosive power is a determining factor in elite volleyball performance, especially in attack and block actions, where vertical displacement is crucial. In this context, body composition directly influences movement efficiency and the manifestation of relative power. Objective: To evaluate the effects of an eight-week training macrocycle on body recomposition and vertical explosive performance in professional volleyball players. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-intervention measurements was used in 17 high-level athletes. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in adiposity (Δ = −19.2 mm in the sum of skinfold thicknesses; p < 0.001) and an increase in muscle mass (Δ = +4.42 kg; p < 0.01; d = 1.02), accompanied by improvements in vertical jump performance (Δ = +5.8 cm in Spike Reach; p < 0.001; d = 1.42). Conclusions: Body recomposition, through the reduction of adipose tissue and the increase of functional muscle mass, constitutes an effective strategy for optimizing explosive power in elite volleyball.
Copyright (c) 2026 Julio Enrique Altunaga Varona, Reidel Alfonso González Toiran, Rosbel Lacossiere Baptiste https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Methodology the teaching and learning the pendular movement technique in boxing
The topic addressed here relates to the teaching and learning process of the pendulum movement as a technical skill in boxing. The initial diagnostic assessment revealed shortcomings such as: limitations in the theoretical, methodological, and practical aspects of the teaching and learning process for developing the pendulum movement technique in boxing, as well as a lack of pathways and procedures for its development that demonstrate an integrative approach. All of this points to inadequate execution of this technique by boxers in practice. Based on these findings, the following research question is formulated: How can the pendulum movement technique be developed in boxing? This proposal is aimed at coaches of this sport, contributing to the improvement of the teaching and learning process of the technique under study. The objective is to develop a methodology with an integrative approach the develop the pendulum movement technique in boxing. This research applied various scientific methods: theoretical, empirical, and mathematical and/or statistical, which allowed for the development of a methodology the improving the pendulum movement technique in boxing. The study was conducted with boxing coaches of the junior category, working in sports complexes in the Guantánamo province. The feasibility of the scientific result was assessed through expert review. The favorable results obtained allow us to conclude that the methodology is feasible for implementation in sports practice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andrés Fuentes Domínguez, Eudis Millan Leyva, Felipe Enio Robas Díaz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Methodology for the development of agility through motor skills in preschool children
Introduction: The education and development of motor skills as a dimension within the educational process aims to achieve significant changes in the development of motor skills that promote agility in preschool children. Therefore, this research focused on revealing the results of a methodology for developing agility through the combination of motor skills such as throwing, catching, running, and jumping in preschool children. Objective: To design a methodology that provides a foundation for developing agility through the combination of motor skills such as throwing, catching, running, and jumping in preschool children. Materials and methods: A pre-experimental study was conducted. The sample was selected using purposive, non-probabilistic sampling; 20 preschool children were selected who met the inclusion, exclusion, and withdrawal criteria. Methods from both theoretical and empirical levels were also employed, including analysis and synthesis, inductive-deductive reasoning, systemic-structural-functional analysis, document analysis, observation, interviews, and surveys. Results: The methodology involved the application of playful motor activities based on the combination of motor skills such as throwing, catching, running, and jumping. Twenty preschool children participated; 100% showed improved agility through the combination of these skills. Conclusions: The playful motor activities applied through the combination of motor skills such as throwing, catching, running, and jumping showed a significant improvement in the development of agility.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bartolomé Luís López Leyva, Emilio Enrique Dominguez León, Helmer Antonio Méndez Infante https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Improvement of didactic competence in baseball coaches
Introduction: Improving the professional training of baseball coaches at the introductory level is essential to ensuring the quality of the training process. In this regard, the development of teaching skills is essential for the planning, delivery, and evaluation of sports training at the youth level. Objective: To design a professional development methodology for improving teaching competence in baseball coaches working with the under-12 age group. Methodology: A mixed-methods study was conducted between September and June 2025, involving 50 baseball coaches. The study employed theoretical and empirical methods, notably a pre-experiment, as well as descriptive and inferential statistical techniques for analyzing the results. Results: A methodology is presented that is structured in four phases: diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Consequently, its application revealed positive changes in the coaches’ mastery of teaching resources, which improved the planning and execution of the training process during the sports initiation stage. Conclusions: It is concluded that the professional development methodology constitutes a viable alternative for contributing to the improvement of teaching competence among baseball coaches in the under-12 age category.
Copyright (c) 2026 alejandro martin, Felipe Poblete-Valderrama, Yoandra Hernández Ávila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Model of professional development for the lead Physical Education teacher
Introduction: the professional overcoming constitutes the essential road to prepare the principal professors of physical education of the sports combinations in terms of directing the methodological work Aim: to explain the components of the model of professional overcoming for this professional from the integration of pedagogic, scientific methodological, and sported motor skills. Materials and methods: Several methods were used during the development process: analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, systemic-structural-functional, modeling, and expert opinion. These methods enabled the determination of the epistemological foundations, as well as the categories that emerged during the research process. Results: The model consists of the following subsystems: formative intent of preparation for methodological work management, interpretation of content in preparation for methodological work management, and systematization of content in preparation for methodological work management within the professional context. These subsystems clarify the professional development process for this professional. Conclusions: The elaborate model allows establishing the structural and functional relations between the subsystems during the professional overcoming of the principal professor of physical education for the improvement of their professional performance for the direction of methodological work. His feasibility is corroborated by the specialists' opinion.
Copyright (c) 2026 juan peláez ferrat, Lidia Esther García Grillo, Víctor Luis Olivera Rodríguez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Towards a selection and guidance system for potential fencing talents transitioning to high performance
Introduction: Cuban fencing faces the challenge of optimizing the transition of selected talents to the foil, épée, and sabre disciplines, a process currently based more on logistical than scientific criteria. Objective: To characterize the specific performance models for each weapon based on its competitive demands, as a foundation for a future system of guiding potentially talented fencers toward high performance in Cuba. Materials and methods: A descriptive study with a mixed-methods approach was conducted, employing document analysis of the International Fencing Federation's regulations (2022-2023) and a systematic literature review (2017-2025) in the PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO databases. Copello Janjaque's ten indicators were applied to characterize the competitive activity of each weapon, and findings from 28 international and 13 national authors were triangulated. Results: Differentiated multidimensional profiles were constructed for foil (35% greater accuracy, 200 ms faster visual processing, strategic patience), épée (15-20% shorter reaction times, expanded functional field of vision, 68% of touches on counterattacks), and sabre (predominant explosive power, complex segmental coordination, 72% of offensive actions). Fourteen creative and ten functional discriminant indicators were identified for each weapon. Conclusions: Performance models for each weapon reveal substantially different physical, cognitive, and psychological demands that scientifically justify the need for specialized guidance, establishing the theoretical and methodological foundation for designing a well-founded allocation system that optimizes talent distribution in Cuban high-performance sports.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alhjadis Ricardo Bandra Miranda, Anabel Lastres Madriga, Beatriz Sanchez Cordoba, Melix Ilizástigui Aviles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Development of Interpersonal Communication Skills in Physical Culture Students through Teacher Preparation
Introduction: Interpersonal communication skills are essential for the professional performance of graduates in Physical Culture. Multiple factors contribute to their development, including teacher preparation, which must be intentional and consider the specific characteristics of the professional's spheres of action. Objective: To establish the role of teacher preparation for university professors in the Physical Culture degree program in fostering the development of interpersonal communication skills in their students. Methods: The specific characteristics of the training process and the demands of professional performance were considered. A theoretical and documentary review of recent research on communication skills in the context of Physical Culture was conducted, with an emphasis on the teacher's role in their development. Analysis-synthesis and documentary analysis were used as theoretical methods. Results: Among the results obtained, the theoretical and methodological foundations that support the significance of these skills were identified, as well as criteria for teacher preparation from the cognitive, procedural, and attitudinal dimensions. Conclusion: It is concluded that teacher training should be comprehensive, contextualized, and focused on developing interpersonal communication skills as part of the graduate's professional profile.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pablo Luis Oñoz Marín, Carmen María Marín Rodríguez, Irinka Font Rodriguez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Interpretation of sabermetric patterns to define each tactic of the contemporary baseball pitcher
Introduction: Predictive models in baseball present methodological and contextual limitations that hinder the transition towards anticipatory tactical prescription in pitching. Deficiencies persist in data interpretability, exclusion of contextual information, and lack of unified frameworks that integrate prediction, performance, and tactical assessment. Objective: To evaluate the implementation of a methodology for interpreting sabermetric patterns in the tactical decisions of pitchers from the Santiago de Cuba team. Methodology: A pre-experimental study with a quantitative approach and explanatory cross-sectional scope. The non-probabilistic sample included 11 pitchers from the senior category of the Santiago de Cuba team, participants in the 64th National Series. Systematic scientific observation was used with a recording sheet, standardized questionnaire, and documentary analysis. Data were processed using descriptive, correlational, and inter-observer reliability techniques. Results: Decisions based on objective criteria increased from 27.3% to 82.0% (+54.7 points). Tactical accuracy improved from 60.0% to 85.0%. Consistency in individual patterns increased from 45.5% to 90.9%, and inter-observer reliability reached a Cohen's Kappa of 0.91. Four pitcher profiles were identified according to tactical effectiveness and situational consistency. Conclusions: The methodology enabled the transition from empirical criteria to objective foundations in tactical decisions, evidencing improvement in the correspondence between the executed action and the competitive situation
Copyright (c) 2026 Jonathan González Pieras, Rosa Elvira Cabrera Acosta, Elsa Sivila Jiménez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Biomechanical study of the place kicks in rugby and its implications on the technical gesture
Introduction: The place kick is a decisive factor in high-performance rugby, accounting for between one-quarter and one-half of a team's total score. However, how biomechanical variables combine to determine kickers' effectiveness is not yet fully understood. Objective: To analyze the influence of biomechanical variables of the place kick technique in rugby and their relationship with kicking effectiveness in high-performance players. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 30 players from the metropolitan rugby league. The technical gesture was recorded using high-speed cameras (60 fps) and analyzed with Kinovea software. Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlations, non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis), and a logistic regression model with LASSO regularization were employed. Results: A total of 66.7% of the kicks were successful. Height showed the strongest correlation with maximum ball velocity (ρ=0.556) and significant differences between successful and missed kicks (p=0.033). Approach speed was inversely correlated with the ball's launch angle (ρ=-0.472). The LASSO model identified height, the distance of the supporting foot, and a smaller ankle flexion angle at impact as predictors of success. Conclusions: Height offers a biomechanical advantage, but success depends on technical coordination, especially ankle control and supporting foot distance. Training individualization based on playing position is recommended.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rodrigo Arturo García Ramírez, Diomedes Augusto García Hilares https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
System of indicators to control and evaluate technical-tactical elements in child karate practitioners
Introduction: The control and evaluation of competitive karate activity should be carried out in training and competitions, taking into account the arsenal of technical-tactical elements in the offensive, defensive and mixed. Objective: to design a system of indicators for the control and evaluation of the technical-tactical elements of karate practitioners (11-12 years old) from competitive activity. Methodology: The research adopts a dialectical materialist approach with a non-experimental, longitudinal panel study design. Methods used at the theoretical level included analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, modeling, and a structural-functional systemic approach. Empirical methods included document analysis, structured surveys, interviews, indirect observation, methodological triangulation, expert opinion, user opinion, and statistical-mathematical analysis. Results: The analysis derived from the application of the methods confirms that there is limited guidance for coaches regarding the control and evaluation of technical-tactical elements in competitive activity, and that there is an absence of a system of indicators grounded in scientific theory. The information provided by experts and the results obtained through the statistical processing of the Cross-Impact-Multiplication Matrix allowed for the identification of three dimensions (offensive, defensive, and mixed) and 44 indicators. Furthermore, a system of indicators, measurement criteria, and an evaluation scale are provided, which culminates in the development of an observational instrument. Conclusions: The results obtained from the assessment and application of the system of indicators found within the observational instrument, for the control and evaluation of the technical-tactical elements of karate practitioners (11-12 years old) from competitive activity, allowed us to demonstrate that it meets the essential scientific-technical requirements to efficiently conduct the process. Its relevance is corroborated based on the evaluation of its usefulness and its social quality. The potential to offer coaches new guidance on the control and evaluation of technical-tactical elements from competitive activity is recognized.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aliuska Suárez Calderón, Yovanny Enrique Malián, Carlos Emilio Terry Rodríguez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Current state of explosive strength assessment in child karate practitioners
Introduction: Explosive strength is the foundation for performing the vigorous, high-intensity technical actions of karate-do. Therefore, this is the capacity most evident in this sport, making it essential to assess its status. Objective: To evaluate the current state of explosive strength assessment in children practicing karate in Cienfuegos. Methodology: The study population consisted of 11 karate practitioners and 19 coaches, selected using specific criteria. A quantitative approach was employed, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional descriptive design. Structured surveys, semi-standardized interviews, measurements, and document analysis were used to collect data on explosive strength assessment. Results: Coaches lack established guidelines for evaluating explosive strength, relying instead on empirical methods. The measurements taken determined that the karate practitioners in the study generally performed poorly. Conclusions: There are deficiencies in the assessment of explosive strength in children practicing karate. Coaches lack methodological guidelines and indicators, measurement criteria, and indices that would allow them to evaluate this physical capacity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yovanny Enrique Melián, Aliuska Suárez Caldeón https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Methodology for Developing Defensive Tactical Skills in Handball Goalkeepers (Ages 13-15)
This work stemmed from the theoretical, methodological, and practical limitations identified in the tactical preparation process for handball. The aim was to contribute to the development of defensive tactical skills in goalkeepers aged 13-15, highlighting the lack of pathways and procedures for such purposes that demonstrate an integrative approach. This reflects the inadequate defensive tactical performance of goalkeepers in sports training sessions and game situations. Consequently, the research problem was formulated: How can we contribute to the development of defensive tactical skills in handball goalkeepers aged 13-15? To address this, the objective was to develop a methodology to contribute to the development of defensive tactical skills in handball goalkeepers aged 13-15. The methodology is structured with a theoretical framework, comprising a legal and conceptual body, and an instrumental framework consisting of phases, actions, procedures, and recommendations. It is supported by hierarchically organized complementary exercises, in accordance with the contemporary demands of this sport at the international and national levels, revealing its integrative approach to functionality. Various scientific methods—theoretical, empirical, and mathematical and/or statistical—were applied during the research. The relevance of the proposal was assessed through consultation with specialists, who provided favorable opinions. Furthermore, its application in practical handball training for the development of defensive tactical skills in goalkeepers aged 13-15 was recommended.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fray Félix Sabourin Cachimalle, Felipe Enio Robas Díaz, Eudis Milán Leyva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Professional development for physical education teachers in the immediate management of sports injuries
Introduction: The immediate treatment of sports injuries is crucial in the school environment, especially if that teacher is often the first responder to any trauma that occurs during physical activity. However, research shows that teachers receive little training both in initial and ongoing education programs. As a result, the quality of intervention and student safety are affected. The research highlights the need for training and establishes a professional development framework to help teachers learn first aid and injury response teaching skills. Objective: To design a professional development system for Physical Education teachers by evaluating competencies in the immediate management of sports injuries. Methods: A mixed approach was used. To address this, the quantitative phase involved using a survey method to explore the skills of 30 Physical Education teachers in managing injuries, first aid, as well as the most prevalent injuries found in the school. The qualitative phase consisted of expert evaluation by five individuals, assessing the relevance, coherence, and feasibility of the proposed system. Descriptive statistics were combined with qualitative agreement criteria. Results: Teachers received limited training in the immediate response to post-injury sports injuries and expressed the need for first aid training. Most reported that sprains, bruises, and muscle strains were commonly reported types of injuries, with difficulty in applying the correct response in real time. Experts indicated that the professional development system was relevant and useful, included clear modules, and was practical, including the preventive aspect. Conclusions: The training of Physical Education teachers was insufficient. This demonstrates that there is a significant gap in the practical management of sports injuries, and the establishment of a targeted professional learning system is required to address injury management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Santo Hugo Beltre Ramirez, Darvin Manuel Ramírez Guerra, Manuel Gutierrez Cruz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Metodología pedagógica en formación de competencias en el paciente con úlceras por presión mediante la Cultura Física Terapéutica
Introduction: Pressure ulcers represent a prevalent health issue in patients with reduced mobility. In Cuba, particularly in Camagüey, a gap exists between the therapeutic potential of Therapeutic Physical Culture and its systematic application in the management of these injuries. Objective: To design and validate a pedagogical methodology for developing professional competencies in integrating physical exercises into the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Amalia Simoni Surgical Clinical Hospital, the María Curie Provincial Teaching Oncology Hospital, and the Previsora Polyclinic from January 2023 to September 2025. Theoretical methods (analysis-synthesis, inductive-deductive, and historical-logical), empirical methods (focus groups, survey, and Delphi method), and mathematical-statistical methods were used for data processing and analysis. The population comprised 73 healthcare professionals and 100 patients. The sample was selected through non-probabilistic sampling and consisted of 45 professionals and 60 patients. Results: Expert validation showed high relevance (K=0.87). After the training, 91.1% of professionals achieved satisfactory competency. The incidence of new pressure ulcers decreased by 41.7% (p<0.001). Significant improvements were observed in functional autonomy (Barthel Index: +11.8 points; p=0.001) and pain reduction (VAS: -3.1 points; p<0.001). Conclusions: The pedagogical methodology proved to be a viable tool for the Cuban healthcare system. It demonstrated effectiveness in developing professional competencies and improved clinical and quality-of-life indicators.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zaily Fuentes Díaz, Madelin Rodriguez Riscart, Dr. C Irinka Font Rodriguez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Predictive attentional assessment in child chess players using the Shulte Platonov Table and the Bootstrap method
Introduction: competitive chess demands high cognitive capacities, such as attention and executive functions. Assessing these in young athletes is often limited by small sample sizes. This pilot study examined whether performance on the Shulte-Platonov Red-Black Board (TRNS-P), a task measuring attentional and executive efficiency, predicts performance on the d2 test of Attention in child chess players. Objective: to validate, using the robust Bootstrap statistical procedure, the predictive capacity of performance on the TRNS-P for d2 test results in a small sample of child chess players. Methods: Five chess players (aged 9-13) participated. An efficiency index (accuracy/time) on the TRNS-P and the total score (TR) on the d2 test were measured. To overcome the limitation of n=5, a Bootstrap procedure with 10,000 iterations was employed, calculating Spearman's correlation coefficient (rs), non-parametric 95% confidence intervals, and an empirical p-value. Results: The analysis revealed a strong, statistically significant positive correlation between both measures (observed rs = 0.85). The Bootstrap 95% confidence interval was [0.45, 0.99] (excluding zero) and the empirical p-value was 0.042, confirming the robustness of the finding. Conclusions: Performance on the TRNS-P is a significant predictor of attentional performance measured by the d2 test in child chess players. The study demonstrates the utility of the Bootstrap method for obtaining valid inferences and quantifying uncertainty in pilot research with small samples, offering a promising methodological framework for cognitive assessment in high-performance environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Osvaldo León Bravo, Zuyin Hernández Almeida, Lázaro Antonio Bueno Pérez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Sports Biomechanics applied to Volleyball with the STEAM approach
Introduction: This research addresses the study of movement in physical activity, specifically volleyball, through biomechanics using a STEAM approach, integrating science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and the arts. Objective: To analyze the blocking technique in volleyball among 11- to 12-year-olds at the Luis Pérez Lozano Secondary School in Cienfuegos, using STEAM tools, particularly the LongoMatch software. Materials and methods: Methods such as historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, document analysis, and a survey were employed. Results: The simultaneous application of tools from this approach connects new information and communication technologies with biotechnology, movement simulators, software, robotics, and artistic expressions that represent the movement in this biomechanical study. Conclusions: In the analysis of human movement, the methods employed depend on the subject matter studied. STEAM tools can be used individually or collectively to understand the movements performed in Physical Education classes. In particular, the LongoMatch software is a tool to facilitate the analysis and improvement of volleyball performance within the framework of Sport for All for 11- to 12-year-old students at the Luis Pérez Lozano Secondary School in Cienfuegos. A fundamental connection for research practice is to link the situations inherent in sports with the realities of second-year Physical Culture and Sports students in the Sports Biomechanics course, so that their experiences contribute to the acquisition of knowledge.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jiosbel Jesús Loriga Socorro, Ana Margarita Torres Aguila, Leidy Sofia Javier Rivera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Methodology for Evaluating Morphological Optimization in School-Age Boxers
Introduction: This article was written after identifying theoretical, methodological, and practical shortcomings in the process of sports medical monitoring of school-age boxers. This is compounded by existing research that does not integrate anthropometric, biomedical, and physical indicators into the monitoring process, hindering a more accurate assessment of morphological optimization. Objective: To develop a methodology, based on a theoretical framework for the medical monitoring of sports training, that allows for the evaluation of morphological optimization in school-age boxers at the Granma Sports Initiation School. Materials and methods: At the theoretical level, the structural-functional, systemic, analytical-synthetic, and hypothetical-deductive methods were used. At the empirical level, the methods employed included observation, document analysis, surveys, expert judgment (Delphi method), and an experimental approach using a pre-test and post-test for the same group. Descriptive statistics included percentage analysis, mean, and standard deviation. Inferential statistics were used to compare the results obtained in the pedagogical tests where quantitative variables were observed, using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Student's t-test, with SPSS version 25. Results: The study examines the development of variables related to morphological optimization and indicators specific to sports medicine monitoring during the training process. This is achieved through the implementation of a methodology organized in stages that lead to an evaluation of morphological optimization, after being theoretically validated by a group of experts. Conclusions: The proposed methodology contributed to the improvement of the morphological efficiency index, with the majority of the evaluated boxers falling into the excellent, acceptable, and moderate levels, where only two athletes showed stagnation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Juan Orlando Arzuaga López, Francisco Núñez Aliaga, Lexy Figueredo Fruto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Potential benefits of therapeutic exercise in the recovery from chikungunya symptoms
The musculoskeletal sequelae of the chikungunya virus can have a significant impact on healthcare systems for months or even years after the acute phase. Therefore, this opinion piece has discussed the potential of therapeutic physical exercise as a complement to the rehabilitation of affected patients. Appropriate exercise (acute, subacute, and chronic phases) is suggested to improve joint mobility, relieve persistent pain, strengthen weakened muscles, and prevent the progression of disabling symptoms. It is argued that the incorporation of exercise and interdisciplinary cooperation supports a faster, safer, and more sustainable recovery that improves the quality of life of the individual patient. Finally, the article highlights the relevance of clinical research for individual rehabilitation protocols and its relationship with functional evolution in patients with post-chikungunya sequelae.
Copyright (c) 2026 Darvin Manuel Ramírez Guerra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Play as a Need for the Quality of Life of Older Adults
Introduction: play is a social, motor and affective activity that promotes participation, motivation and well-being in older adults. Its systematic inclusion in physical activity sessions can contribute to a better quality of life. Objective: to design games that promote health, mood and motivation in order to improve the quality of life of older adults at the Pepito Tey sports complex in Santiago de Cuba. Materials and methods: a descriptive study was conducted. The sample comprised 12 older adults selected through non-probability sampling from a population of 28. The study used theoretical methods (analysis-synthesis), empirical methods (observation, interview, survey and expert judgment), and statistical procedures (percentage analysis). Results: the diagnosis showed limited use of games during the classes, low participant motivation and a need for greater teacher preparation. In response, a proposal of five games was developed to stimulate participation, mobility, memory and interpersonal relationships. Conclusions: the proposed games are relevant and feasible for work with older adults. Their use may contribute to mood, social interaction, motivation and quality of life in this age group.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alberto Barroso Arzuaga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Structure for planning sports training by directions in school handball goalkeepers
Introduction: This article was written in response to identified theoretical, methodological, and practical shortcomings in the planning, execution, and monitoring of training for female goalkeepers in the 13–15-year-old school age group. Objective: To design a structure for training planning by direction, based on a theoretical framework that situates the content within the Accumulation-Transformation-Realization (ATR) model, thereby contributing to improved athletic performance in goalkeepers. Materials and methods: At the theoretical level, the structural-functional systemic, analytical-synthetic, and hypothetical-deductive methods were used; at the empirical level, observation, document analysis, surveys, expert judgment (Delphi method), and experimental methods through case studies were employed. Descriptive statistics included percentage analysis, mean, and standard deviation. Inferential statistics were used to compare the results obtained in the pedagogical tests where quantitative variables were observed, using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Student's t-test, with SPSS version 25. Results: The development of variables related to the conditioning and determining factors in the preparation and performance of handball goalkeepers was studied following the implementation of a planning structure, after its theoretical validation by a group of experts. Conclusions: The structure fostered a marked development of the preparation factors, measured and evaluated across 17 performance variables, through case studies of the four athletes in the study population.
Copyright (c) 2025 José Enrique Fernández Moreno, Lexy Figueredo Fruto, Francisco Nuñez Aliaga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Methodological strategy for community intervention by physical culture professionals in people with Parkinson’s disease
Introduction: Parkinson’s disease requires comprehensive interventions that go beyond the traditional clinical approach and support functional, emotional, and social rehabilitation in community settings. In this context, adapted physical activity and the involvement of Physical Culture professionals become especially relevant in primary care. Objective: To design and assess a methodological strategy for the community intervention of Physical Culture professionals in people with Parkinson’s disease. Materials and methods: A participatory action research study was carried out at the "Ernesto Guevara" Polyclinic in Cienfuegos, Cuba, between April and September 2025. The sample included 15 people with Parkinson’s disease in Hoehn and Yahr stages I and II, selected through intentional sampling. The strategy included adapted physical activity sessions three times a week for six months. The UPDRS scale, Berg Balance Test, WHO-5 scale, a family perception questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews were used. Descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and methodological triangulation were applied. Results: Favorable changes were observed in motor functionality, balance, functional autonomy, and emotional well-being. The mean UPDRS score decreased from 32.4 ± 5.6 to 25.1 ± 4.8; the Berg Balance Test increased from 38.2 ± 4.1 to 44.6 ± 3.7; and functional autonomy increased from 3.1 ± 0.6 to 4.2 ± 0.5. Improvements were also observed in the WHO-5 items related to feeling cheerful, sleeping well, and having energy. Family members and professionals positively assessed the strategy, emphasizing its usefulness, relevance, and feasibility. Conclusions: The methodological strategy showed favorable results in people with Parkinson’s disease in a community setting. The integration of Physical Culture professionals into primary care, together with the active participation of family members and patients, supports the viability and relevance of this proposal, as well as its potential application in similar settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dayami Pérez Escobar, Armando Marín Rojas, Juan Andrés Contreras Cabrera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Sports management strategy to facilitate the preparation of combat sports athletes
Introduction: Sport is currently considered an unprecedented social phenomenon, and therefore all those involved in its development are constantly seeking ways to improve its management. In this regard, preliminary studies confirmed the existence of shortcomings in sports management that affected the preparation of combat sports athletes at the EIDE (School for Sports Initiation) in Camagüey. Objective: To design a sports management strategy that facilitates preparation. The research is carried out using the participatory action research model. Materials and methods: The theoretical methods used were analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive; the empirical methods included document analysis, observation, and interviews, which were triangulated for the analysis of the results. The sample consisted of managers, coaches, and athletes from combat sports. Results: A sports management strategy was developed that promotes training based on the interdependence and synergy established between organizational and operational indicators. This led to improvements in the management process and in the qualitative and quantitative results of the sports under study. Conclusions: The strategy is suitable for promoting the sports training of combat athletes at the Camagüey Sports Initiation School (EIDE).
Copyright (c) 2025 luciano mesa sanchez, beymer aguilera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Plyometric program to develop explosive strength in women's soccer
Introduction: The present study analyzes the influence of plyometric exercises on the explosive strength of female soccer players, a determining capacity for sprints, jumps, and rapid movements. A systematic training program based on plyometrics was applied, assessing changes through a longitudinal experimental design. The results showed improvements in explosive strength and consistency of athletes’ performance, confirming the effectiveness of plyometrics in optimizing physical performance and enhancing motor skills in women’s soccer. The research supports the importance of implementing specialized programs that promote the comprehensive development of female players. Objective: To determine the impact of a plyometric exercise program on the development of explosive strength in women’s soccer. Methods: The horizontal jump test (Long test) and the 30 m sprint test were used to compare a numerical variable in the same group at two moments, pretest and posttest. Quantitative data were analyzed using statistical methods such as the Shapiro–Wilk normality test and Student’s t-test, allowing the obtaining of reliable results. Results: In the posttest of Explosive Strength (Long test), 4 athletes (22.2%) reached the “Excellent” category, 9 (50%) “Good,” and 5 (27.8%) “Regular.” The group mean increased from 184.61 cm in the pretest to 201.33 cm in the posttest, showing a significant improvement. In the 30 m Speed test, without equipment, the “Excellent” category predominated, while with equipment the “Good” category stood out. The mean speed without equipment decreased from 4.92 to 4.43 seconds and with equipment from 8.83 to 8.09 seconds. Conclusions: The results show a significant increase in explosive strength after the intervention, confirming the effectiveness of the plyometric program.
Copyright (c) 2026 Francisco Alexander Ramirez Cabrera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Artificial intelligence and applied statistics: a challenge for physical Education Teachers
Introduction: Modern society is characterized by the constant generation of large volumes of data resulting from measurements in different social processes. The integration of artificial intelligence, as a growing trend, aims to streamline the recording, processing, and analysis of this information, as well as the procedures for applying statistical techniques to the data. In Physical Culture and Sport, the implementation of different Artificial Intelligence tools enhances the reliability of the information and the resulting analysis for decision-making. Objective: For these reasons, the objective of this study was to explore the knowledge that professors at the "Manuel Fajardo" University of Physical Culture and Sport Sciences have regarding the usefulness of artificial intelligence tools for applying statistical techniques. Materials and methods: Accordingly, theoretical and empirical methods were applied, which revealed the lack of knowledge among professionals in this area regarding artificial intelligence tools that facilitate data analysis. The statistical-mathematical method was used. Results: Frequency and contingency tables were used to present the results of the empirical investigations. Conclusions: The identification of several tools that facilitate working with and analyzing data puts into perspective the future possibilities for these professionals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Taimi Castañeda Rodríguez, Olga Margarita Moirón Vallar, Lazaro Antonio Bueno Perez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of the Ippon Seoinage Technique in the National Prejuvenile Games
This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Ippon Seoinage technique in judokas participating in the National Prejuvenile Games. Frequency of application, success rate (Ippon and derived scores), technical efficiency, and relationships with biomechanical, tactical, and contextual variables were analyzed. The sample included 10 judokas in a pretest-posttest design. Data were processed using SPSS v25 with descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results showed significant improvements in usage frequency (pretest: 1.4; posttest: 2.9; p < 0.01), success rate (pretest: 20.5%; posttest: 48%; p < 0.01), and technical efficiency (pretest: 5.1; posttest: 7.8; p < 0.01). Increases in angular velocity and decreases in execution time indicated enhanced biomechanical effectiveness. Qualitative analysis also revealed improved tactical perception in the posttest. Findings suggest that specific training enhances execution and effectiveness of Ippon Seoinage in youth categories, providing valuable evidence to optimize judo athlete development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Manuel Gutierrez Cruz, Édison Israel Navarrete https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Planning sports training in the initiation stage of sports gymnastics
Introduction: The training plan for young athletes begins with an introduction to sports such as artistic gymnastics. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a structured program for performing a forward roll and certain flexibility components in gymnasts aged 8 to 10 years. Objective: To evaluate forward roll performance and trunk flexibility in gymnasts aged 8 to 10 years in relation to a training program initiated at the beginning of the competitive stage. Methodology: The study sample included 15 female gymnasts aged 8 to 10 years affiliated with FEDEGUAYAS, constituting a convenience sample. The study employed a pre-experimental design. Data were collected using flexed arm suspension and seated reach tests, along with a pre-test/post-test design. Results: The average score for forward roll performance improved from 8.13 to 9.13, and flexibility increased from 25.27 cm to 28.13 cm. The standard deviation decreased in both cases, indicating greater homogeneity in the results. Conclusions: The program was effective in improving fundamental gymnastics skills, validating the importance of planning adapted to this formative stage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andrea Elizabeth Rivas Brand, Manuel Gutierrez Cruz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Psychological evaluation in high-performance boxers: An integrated protocol for Guantánamo
Introduction: Psychological preparation is fundamental in elite boxers, especially in regions with sociocultural particularities and resource limitations such as Guantánamo. Objective: to diagnose determining psychological components and validate a contextualized evaluation-intervention protocol for high-performance boxers in Guantánamo. Materials and methods: a sequential explanatory mixed study was carried out with 24 boxers from the provincial preselection (2023-2024). The Psychological Inventory of Sports Performance (IPED) was applied, structured observation and semi-structured interviews. The intervention consisted of 12 weeks of training in visualizing and establishing goals. Results: significant correlations were identified between self-confidence and performance (r=0.82; p<0.01) and stress control and victories (r=0.78; p<0.01). 65% of athletes showed deficits in pre-combat concentration. The intervention improved global psychological indicators by 30% versus the control group (p<0.01), with notable advances in self-confidence (+45%) and emotional control (+45%). Conclusions: self-confidence and stress control are key predictors of performance in guantanamered boxers and the proposed protocol has been shown to be effective and replicable in contexts with socioeconomic limitations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yurveny González Quinta, Enrique Rivera Nápoles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Teaching tasks of Chemical Kinetics for the initial training of Physical Education teachers
Introduction: Various studies demonstrate the importance of teaching tasks adapted to specific contexts. These tasks strengthen motivation and learning across different subjects. However, no research has been identified on their application in Chemical Kinetics specifically targeted at the initial training of Physical Education teachers. Objective: To develop and implement a system of Chemical Kinetics teaching tasks to improve learning in this unit among fourth-year students at the School of Physical Education Teachers. Materials and methods: We worked with 40 students from the 2018–2019 academic year. An initial and final assessment was conducted using a pedagogical test, a survey, and a self-assessment guide, in three dimensions: content mastery, reflection on learning, and motivation. Percentage analysis and classification into five learning levels were used. The system included 22 tasks, organized into four groups, with stages of motivation, execution, and evaluation. Results: The initial assessment showed 62% of students at a very low level. After implementation, the very high level increased from 10% to 40%, and the very low level decreased to 25%. Participation, motivation, and a connection between Chemistry and sports increased, and Chemical Kinetics was no longer the most difficult subject in midterm and final assessments. Conclusions: The implementation of the system of teaching tasks related to everyday life and professional situations led to an increase in Chemistry learning. This was evidenced by comparing the results of the initial pedagogical test with the final test, and allowed us to verify the feasibility and relevance of this task system.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nisdalys Figueredo Trimiño https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Technical analysis and effectiveness of mid-range and hree-point shooting in student basketball
Introduction: This study analyzed the technique and effectiveness of mid- and long-range shooting in student basketball players at the Guayas Student Games. Qualitative and quantitative observation instruments were applied, as well as a technical test based on the FIBA ​​protocol. Objective: To analyze the execution technique and effectiveness of mid- and long-range shooting in school players, based on the application of a progressive system of technical exercises. Materials and methods: The study was framed within a mixed-methods (quantitative and qualitative) investigation, of a descriptive-explanatory nature, with a pre-experimental and cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 15 male athletes. Results: The pre-test revealed significant deficiencies in technical aspects such as balance, flexion, coordination, and follow-through, reflected in low percentages of effectiveness (mid-range: 10–50%; three-point: 0–30%). Conclusions: A progressive exercise system was implemented in four phases, resulting in technical and statistical improvements in the post-test, and demonstrating the influence of this intervention on the participants' athletic performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos Manuel Carcelén Villegas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0