Structure for planning sports training by directions in school handball goalkeepers
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Abstract
Introduction: This article was written in response to identified theoretical, methodological, and practical shortcomings in the planning, execution, and monitoring of training for female goalkeepers in the 13–15-year-old school age group.
Objective: To design a structure for training planning by direction, based on a theoretical framework that situates the content within the Accumulation-Transformation-Realization (ATR) model, thereby contributing to improved athletic performance in goalkeepers.
Materials and methods: At the theoretical level, the structural-functional systemic, analytical-synthetic, and hypothetical-deductive methods were used; at the empirical level, observation, document analysis, surveys, expert judgment (Delphi method), and experimental methods through case studies were employed. Descriptive statistics included percentage analysis, mean, and standard deviation. Inferential statistics were used to compare the results obtained in the pedagogical tests where quantitative variables were observed, using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Student's t-test, with SPSS version 25.
Results: The development of variables related to the conditioning and determining factors in the preparation and performance of handball goalkeepers was studied following the implementation of a planning structure, after its theoretical validation by a group of experts.
Conclusions: The structure fostered a marked development of the preparation factors, measured and evaluated across 17 performance variables, through case studies of the four athletes in the study population.
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